Efek penambahan enzim (amylase, protease, xylanase) dalam pakan terhadap berat telur dan diameter kuning telur pada itik campuran
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Published
May 7, 2021
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1.
Palgunadi B, Widyawati R, Sari D, Tusadiah H. Efek penambahan enzim (amylase, protease, xylanase) dalam pakan terhadap berat telur dan diameter kuning telur pada itik campuran. VITEK : Bidang Kedokteran Hewan [Internet]. 7May2021 [cited 24Apr.2024];11(1):39-7. Available from: https://vitek-fkh.uwks.ac.id/index.php/jv/article/view/69
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Articles
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Abstract
The purpose of this research aims to determine the effect of adding enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase) in feed on egg weight and egg yolk diameter in mixed ducks. The experimental animals used were 24 laying ducks. The design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The four treatments were P0 (Control), P1 (6 ducks with Avizym1502®5gram / kg), P2 (6 ducks with Avizym1502® 10gram / kg), and P3 (6 ducks given Avizym1502). ® 15gram / kg). This treatment is carried out once a day for 9 weeks. Before the treatment, the ducks were adapted for a week. After that, the initial egg weight and yolk diameter were measured at week 0, week 6, and week 9. Data obtained from the results of weighing eggs found an average value of P0 (59.1667 ± 3.9200a) g, P1 5gram / kg (56.1667 ± 2.9268a) g, P2 10gram / kg (60.1667 ± 4.9966a) g, and P3 15gram / kg (67.6667 ± 2.7325ᵇ) g. The results of data from examining the diameter of the egg yolk found an average value of P0 (45.03 ± 1.2956a) mm, P1 5gram / kg (44.35 ± 0.7969a) mm, P2 10gram / kg (45.75 ± 1.5694a) mm, and P3 15gram / kg (48.83 ± 0.7394ᵇ) mm. The data obtained were then analyzed using the ANOVA test which statistically showed that there was a significant difference (P <0.05) between egg weight and yolk diameter in mixed ducks treated with enzymes (amylase, protease, xylanase) in the feed.
Keywords:
enzymes, in feed, egg weight, yolk diameter,mixed breed ducks
References
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Angel, C. R., W. Saylor, W. L. Vieira, and N. Ward. (2011). Effects of amonocomponent protease on performance and protein utilization in 7- to 22-day-old broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 90:2281–2286. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2005. Official methods of analysis,15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA..
Balitbang Departemen Pertanian. 2010. Prospek dan arah pengembangan Unggas. Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
Bedford, M. R., A. J. Morgan, K. Clarkson, and H. K. Schultze,(1997). Enzyme feed additive and animal feed. US Patent 5612055.
Candrawati, D., Witariadi, N., Bidura, I., & Dewantari, M. (2012). Pengaruh Suplementasi Enzim Phylazim dalam Ransum yang Menggunakan 30% Dedak Padi terhadap Penampilan Broiler. Jurnal Unud, 1-11.
Chesson, A. (2001). Non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes in poultry diets: Influence of ingredients on the selection of activities. World Poult. Sci. J. 57:251–263.
Choct, M. (2006). Enzymes for the feed industry: past, present and future.World’sPoult. Sci. J. 62:5–16.
Coombs, J. 1995. Dictionary of Biotechnology. Elsevier, New York.
Cowieson, A. J. (2005).Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119:293–305.
Cowieson, A. J. (2010). Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets. Jpn. Poult. Sci. 47:1–7.
Cowieson, A. J., and M. R. Bedford. (2009). The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: Complimentary mode of action? World Poult. Sci. J. 65:609–624.
Cuche, G., J. C. Cuber, and H. Malbert. (2000). Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway. Am. J. Physiol. Gastro. Liver Physiol. 279:G925–G930.
DITJENAK 2008, Laporan Tahunan. Diakses tanggal 13 Desember 2020.
Fernandez, F., R. Sharma, M. Hilton, and M. R. Bedford. (2000). Diet influences the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract. Cell.Mol. Life Sci. 57:1793-1801.
Forbes, J. M. 1986. The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals. Butterworth & Co., London
Garnida, D. (2012). Agriflo Itik Potensi Bisnis dan Kisah Sukses Praktis.
Ghazi, S., J. A. Rooke, and H. Galbraith. 2003. Improvement of the nutritive value of soybean meal by protease and α-galactosidase treatment in broiler cockerels and broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:410–418.
Gilbert, A.B. 1971. The Female Reproductive Effort. In:Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl. D.J. BELL and B.M. FREEMAN (Eds.). Academic Press. London, New York
Gracia, M. I., M. J. Aran´ıbar, R. L´azaro, P. Medel, and G. G. Mateos. 2003.Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets basedon corn. Poult. Sci. 82:436–442.
Gumelar, A., & Rahmat, A. (2016). Potensi Produksi Telur Itik di Kelompok Ternak Itik Putri Mandiri Kabupaten Karawang Jawa Barat. Journal of Animal Husbandry Science, 44-51.
Gunawan, B. 1987. Penggunaan teknologi genetika kuantitatif dalam pengembangan itik petelur Indonesia. 2: Pembentukan bibit unggul itik dari hasil kawin silang antara itik Alabio, Tegal dan Khaki Campbell yang telah diseleksi. ilmu dan Peternakan.
Hanafi, N. D. (2001). Enzim sebagai Alternatif baru dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pakan untuk Ternak. Program pascasarjana, IPB, Bogor. Vol 12(3): 5 – 9.
Jaziri, A., Sukoso, & Firdaus, M. (2017). Karakteristik Protease dari Ekstrak Kasar Khamir Laut dan Aktivitasnya dalam Menghidrolisis Protein Ikan Rucah. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, 78-87.
Jiang, Z., Y. Zhou, F. Lu, Z. Han, and T. Wang. (2008). Effects of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase on digestive enzyme activities and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression ofyoung broilers. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 21:97–102.
Kaczmarek, S. A., A. Rogiewicz, M. Mogielnicka, A. Rutkowski, R. O. Jones,and B. A. Slominski. (2014). The effect of protease, amylase, and non starch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Poult. Sci. 93:1745–1753.
Ketaren, P.P. dan L.H. Prasetyo. 2000. Produktivitas itik silang MA di Ciawi dan Cirebon. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Pusat Penelitian Peternakan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian.
Kriswanto, & Wulansarie, R. (2018). IbM Usaha Ternak Bebek Petelur dan Produsen Telur Asin Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang. Abdimas, 19-26.
Kusumastuti, D., Praseno, K., & Saraswati, T. (2012). Indeks Kuning Telur dan Nilai Haugh Unit Telur Puyuh (Coturnix Japonica L.) Setelah Pemberian Tepung Kunyit (Curcuma Longa L.). Jurnal Biologi, 15-22.
Kwakkel, R.P., Vanesch J.A.W., Ducro B.J. and KOOPS W.J (1995). Onset of lay related to multiphasic growth and body composition in White Leghorn provided ad libitum and restricted diets. Poult. Sci. 74: 821-832.
Lucy, K. M. 2000. Structure and Postnatal Development of Magnum In Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Mannuthy:680 651.
Mahagna, M., I. Nir, M. Larbier, and Y. Nitsan. 1995. Effect of age and exogenous amylase and protease on development of the digestive tract,pancreatic enzyme activities and digestibility of nutrients in young meat type chicks. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 35:201–212
Mamarimbing, D., Kalangi, J., Sondakh, B., & Lainawa, J. (2017). Analisis Manajemen Pemeliharaan Ternak Itik Petelur di Kecamatan Kakas Barat Kabupaten Minahasa. Jurnal Zootek, 216-223.
Masey O’Neill, H. V. M., S. Haldar, and M. R. Bedford. 2012. The role of peptide YY in the mode of action of dietary xylanase. Poult. Sci. 91:217.
MacDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh, and C.A. Morgan. 1995. Animal Nutrition. Jhon Wiley and Sons, New York.
Musadiq, A., Nurliana, Sugito, Helmi, T., Roslizawaty, & Razali. (2017). EfekPenyimpanan Pada Suhu Kamar dan Rfrigerator terhadap Kualitas Telur Ayam Setelah Pemberian Sinbiotik Akbisprop dalam Ransum. JIMVET,343-350
Nangin, D., dan Sutrisno, A. 2015. Enzim Amilase Pemecah Pati Mentah dari. Mikroba: Kajian Pustaka. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri 3 (3): 1032-. 1039.
Naveed, A., T. Acamovic, and M. R. Bedford. 1998. Effect of enzyme supplementation of UK-known Lupinus albus on growth performance in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 39:S36–S37.
Olukosi, O. A., L. A. Beeson, K. Englyst, and L. F. Romero. 2015. Effects of exogenous proteases without or with carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 94:2662–2669.
Park, J. H., O. K. Won, S. H. Ahn, S. Lee, B. K. Choi, and K. Y. Jung. 2013. Fattydiets retarded the propulsive function of and attenuated motility in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Nutr.Res. 33:228–234.
Renema, R.A., Robinson F.E. Robinson, J.A. Proudman, M. Newcombe and Mckay R.I.(1999). Effect of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder hens. 2. Ovarian morphology and plasma hormon profiles. Poult. Sci. 78: 629-639
Richana, N. (2002). Produksi dan Prospek Enzim xilanase dalam pengembangan bioindustri di indonesia. Buletin AgroBio, 5(1), 29–36.
Risnoyatiningsih, S. (2011). Hydrolysis of Starch Saccharides from Sweet Potatoes Using Enzyme. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 417-424.
Satrio, Y., Santoso, S., & Setiadi, A. (2015). Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Itik di Kecamatan Banyubiri Kabupaten Semarang. Animal Agriculture Journal, 256-259.
Scott, M. L., M. C. Nesheim and R. J. Young. 1982. Nutrition of the Chicken. 3th Ed. M. L. Scott and Associates. Ithaca, New York.
Singh, A., H. V. M. O’Neill, T. K. Ghosh, M. R. Bedford, and S. Haldar. 2012.Effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, total volatile fatty acids and selected bacterial population in caeca, metabolic indices and peptide YY concentrations in serum of broiler chickens fed energyrestricted maize–soybean based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 177:194- 203.
Sharma, R., F. Fernandez, M. Hilton, and U. Schumacher. 1997. The influence of diet on the mucin carbohydrates in the chicken tract. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 53:935–942.
Sunarno dan Djaelani, A.M. 2011. Analisis Produktivitas Itik Petelur di Kabupaten Semarang Berdasarkan Indikator Nilai Konversi Pakan, Rasio Tingkat Konsumsi Pakan dengan Intestinum dan Bobot Intestinum dengan Pertambahan Bobot Badan. J. Sains dan Matematika. Vol. 19 (2): 38-42.
Soeparno, R.A., Rihastuti, I., dan S. Triatmojo. 2011. Dasar Teknologi Hasil Ternak. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Yuwanta, T. 2004. Dasar Ternak Unggas. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. hal. 115- 120
Zanella, I., N. K. Sakomura, F. G. Silversides, A. Figueiredo, and M. Pack. 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poult. Sci. 78:561–568.
Angel, C. R., W. Saylor, W. L. Vieira, and N. Ward. (2011). Effects of amonocomponent protease on performance and protein utilization in 7- to 22-day-old broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 90:2281–2286. Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) 2005. Official methods of analysis,15th edition. AOAC, Arlington, VA..
Balitbang Departemen Pertanian. 2010. Prospek dan arah pengembangan Unggas. Departemen Pertanian. Jakarta.
Bedford, M. R., A. J. Morgan, K. Clarkson, and H. K. Schultze,(1997). Enzyme feed additive and animal feed. US Patent 5612055.
Candrawati, D., Witariadi, N., Bidura, I., & Dewantari, M. (2012). Pengaruh Suplementasi Enzim Phylazim dalam Ransum yang Menggunakan 30% Dedak Padi terhadap Penampilan Broiler. Jurnal Unud, 1-11.
Chesson, A. (2001). Non-starch polysaccharide degrading enzymes in poultry diets: Influence of ingredients on the selection of activities. World Poult. Sci. J. 57:251–263.
Choct, M. (2006). Enzymes for the feed industry: past, present and future.World’sPoult. Sci. J. 62:5–16.
Coombs, J. 1995. Dictionary of Biotechnology. Elsevier, New York.
Cowieson, A. J. (2005).Factors that affect the nutritional value of maize for broilers Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 119:293–305.
Cowieson, A. J. (2010). Strategic selection of exogenous enzymes for corn/soy-based poultry diets. Jpn. Poult. Sci. 47:1–7.
Cowieson, A. J., and M. R. Bedford. (2009). The effect of phytase and carbohydrase on ileal amino acid digestibility in monogastric diets: Complimentary mode of action? World Poult. Sci. J. 65:609–624.
Cuche, G., J. C. Cuber, and H. Malbert. (2000). Ileal short-chain fatty acids inhibit gastric motility by a humoral pathway. Am. J. Physiol. Gastro. Liver Physiol. 279:G925–G930.
DITJENAK 2008, Laporan Tahunan. Diakses tanggal 13 Desember 2020.
Fernandez, F., R. Sharma, M. Hilton, and M. R. Bedford. (2000). Diet influences the colonization of Campylobacter jejuni and distribution of mucin carbohydrates in the chick intestinal tract. Cell.Mol. Life Sci. 57:1793-1801.
Forbes, J. M. 1986. The Voluntary Food Intake of Farm Animals. Butterworth & Co., London
Garnida, D. (2012). Agriflo Itik Potensi Bisnis dan Kisah Sukses Praktis.
Ghazi, S., J. A. Rooke, and H. Galbraith. 2003. Improvement of the nutritive value of soybean meal by protease and α-galactosidase treatment in broiler cockerels and broiler chicks. Br. Poult. Sci. 44:410–418.
Gilbert, A.B. 1971. The Female Reproductive Effort. In:Physiology and Biochemistry of the Domestic Fowl. D.J. BELL and B.M. FREEMAN (Eds.). Academic Press. London, New York
Gracia, M. I., M. J. Aran´ıbar, R. L´azaro, P. Medel, and G. G. Mateos. 2003.Alpha-amylase supplementation of broiler diets basedon corn. Poult. Sci. 82:436–442.
Gumelar, A., & Rahmat, A. (2016). Potensi Produksi Telur Itik di Kelompok Ternak Itik Putri Mandiri Kabupaten Karawang Jawa Barat. Journal of Animal Husbandry Science, 44-51.
Gunawan, B. 1987. Penggunaan teknologi genetika kuantitatif dalam pengembangan itik petelur Indonesia. 2: Pembentukan bibit unggul itik dari hasil kawin silang antara itik Alabio, Tegal dan Khaki Campbell yang telah diseleksi. ilmu dan Peternakan.
Hanafi, N. D. (2001). Enzim sebagai Alternatif baru dalam Peningkatan Kualitas Pakan untuk Ternak. Program pascasarjana, IPB, Bogor. Vol 12(3): 5 – 9.
Jaziri, A., Sukoso, & Firdaus, M. (2017). Karakteristik Protease dari Ekstrak Kasar Khamir Laut dan Aktivitasnya dalam Menghidrolisis Protein Ikan Rucah. Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science, 78-87.
Jiang, Z., Y. Zhou, F. Lu, Z. Han, and T. Wang. (2008). Effects of different levels of supplementary alpha-amylase on digestive enzyme activities and pancreatic amylase mRNA expression ofyoung broilers. Asian-Austral. J. Anim. Sci. 21:97–102.
Kaczmarek, S. A., A. Rogiewicz, M. Mogielnicka, A. Rutkowski, R. O. Jones,and B. A. Slominski. (2014). The effect of protease, amylase, and non starch polysaccharide-degrading enzyme supplementation on nutrient utilization and growth performance of broiler chickens fed corn-soybean meal-based diets. Poult. Sci. 93:1745–1753.
Ketaren, P.P. dan L.H. Prasetyo. 2000. Produktivitas itik silang MA di Ciawi dan Cirebon. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Peternakan dan Veteriner. Pusat Penelitian Peternakan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Departemen Pertanian.
Kriswanto, & Wulansarie, R. (2018). IbM Usaha Ternak Bebek Petelur dan Produsen Telur Asin Kecamatan Gunungpati Kota Semarang. Abdimas, 19-26.
Kusumastuti, D., Praseno, K., & Saraswati, T. (2012). Indeks Kuning Telur dan Nilai Haugh Unit Telur Puyuh (Coturnix Japonica L.) Setelah Pemberian Tepung Kunyit (Curcuma Longa L.). Jurnal Biologi, 15-22.
Kwakkel, R.P., Vanesch J.A.W., Ducro B.J. and KOOPS W.J (1995). Onset of lay related to multiphasic growth and body composition in White Leghorn provided ad libitum and restricted diets. Poult. Sci. 74: 821-832.
Lucy, K. M. 2000. Structure and Postnatal Development of Magnum In Japanese Quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). Mannuthy:680 651.
Mahagna, M., I. Nir, M. Larbier, and Y. Nitsan. 1995. Effect of age and exogenous amylase and protease on development of the digestive tract,pancreatic enzyme activities and digestibility of nutrients in young meat type chicks. Reprod. Nutr. Dev. 35:201–212
Mamarimbing, D., Kalangi, J., Sondakh, B., & Lainawa, J. (2017). Analisis Manajemen Pemeliharaan Ternak Itik Petelur di Kecamatan Kakas Barat Kabupaten Minahasa. Jurnal Zootek, 216-223.
Masey O’Neill, H. V. M., S. Haldar, and M. R. Bedford. 2012. The role of peptide YY in the mode of action of dietary xylanase. Poult. Sci. 91:217.
MacDonald, P., R.A. Edwards, J.F.D. Greenhalgh, and C.A. Morgan. 1995. Animal Nutrition. Jhon Wiley and Sons, New York.
Musadiq, A., Nurliana, Sugito, Helmi, T., Roslizawaty, & Razali. (2017). EfekPenyimpanan Pada Suhu Kamar dan Rfrigerator terhadap Kualitas Telur Ayam Setelah Pemberian Sinbiotik Akbisprop dalam Ransum. JIMVET,343-350
Nangin, D., dan Sutrisno, A. 2015. Enzim Amilase Pemecah Pati Mentah dari. Mikroba: Kajian Pustaka. Jurnal Pangan dan Agroindustri 3 (3): 1032-. 1039.
Naveed, A., T. Acamovic, and M. R. Bedford. 1998. Effect of enzyme supplementation of UK-known Lupinus albus on growth performance in broiler chickens. Br. Poult. Sci. 39:S36–S37.
Olukosi, O. A., L. A. Beeson, K. Englyst, and L. F. Romero. 2015. Effects of exogenous proteases without or with carbohydrases on nutrient digestibility and disappearance of non-starch polysaccharides in broiler chickens. Poult. Sci. 94:2662–2669.
Park, J. H., O. K. Won, S. H. Ahn, S. Lee, B. K. Choi, and K. Y. Jung. 2013. Fattydiets retarded the propulsive function of and attenuated motility in the gastrointestinal tract of rats. Nutr.Res. 33:228–234.
Renema, R.A., Robinson F.E. Robinson, J.A. Proudman, M. Newcombe and Mckay R.I.(1999). Effect of body weight and feed allocation during sexual maturation in broiler breeder hens. 2. Ovarian morphology and plasma hormon profiles. Poult. Sci. 78: 629-639
Richana, N. (2002). Produksi dan Prospek Enzim xilanase dalam pengembangan bioindustri di indonesia. Buletin AgroBio, 5(1), 29–36.
Risnoyatiningsih, S. (2011). Hydrolysis of Starch Saccharides from Sweet Potatoes Using Enzyme. Jurnal Teknik Kimia, 417-424.
Satrio, Y., Santoso, S., & Setiadi, A. (2015). Analisis Pengembangan Usaha Ternak Itik di Kecamatan Banyubiri Kabupaten Semarang. Animal Agriculture Journal, 256-259.
Scott, M. L., M. C. Nesheim and R. J. Young. 1982. Nutrition of the Chicken. 3th Ed. M. L. Scott and Associates. Ithaca, New York.
Singh, A., H. V. M. O’Neill, T. K. Ghosh, M. R. Bedford, and S. Haldar. 2012.Effects of xylanase supplementation on performance, total volatile fatty acids and selected bacterial population in caeca, metabolic indices and peptide YY concentrations in serum of broiler chickens fed energyrestricted maize–soybean based diets. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 177:194- 203.
Sharma, R., F. Fernandez, M. Hilton, and U. Schumacher. 1997. The influence of diet on the mucin carbohydrates in the chicken tract. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 53:935–942.
Sunarno dan Djaelani, A.M. 2011. Analisis Produktivitas Itik Petelur di Kabupaten Semarang Berdasarkan Indikator Nilai Konversi Pakan, Rasio Tingkat Konsumsi Pakan dengan Intestinum dan Bobot Intestinum dengan Pertambahan Bobot Badan. J. Sains dan Matematika. Vol. 19 (2): 38-42.
Soeparno, R.A., Rihastuti, I., dan S. Triatmojo. 2011. Dasar Teknologi Hasil Ternak. Gadjah Mada University Press, Yogyakarta.
Yuwanta, T. 2004. Dasar Ternak Unggas. Kanisius. Yogyakarta. hal. 115- 120
Zanella, I., N. K. Sakomura, F. G. Silversides, A. Figueiredo, and M. Pack. 1999. Effect of enzyme supplementation of broiler diets based on corn and soybeans. Poult. Sci. 78:561–568.