The Studi Kasus: Multidrug Resistance Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Ayam Broiler di Pasar Tradisonal Balongsari, Surabaya
Article Sidebar
Published
May 28, 2024
How to Cite
1.
PUTRI M. The Studi Kasus: Multidrug Resistance Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Ayam Broiler di Pasar Tradisonal Balongsari, Surabaya. VITEK : Bidang Kedokteran Hewan [Internet]. 28May2024 [cited 23Nov.2024];14(1):142-8. Available from: https://vitek-fkh.uwks.ac.id/index.php/jv/article/view/271
Section
Articles
Main Article Content
Abstract
Escherichia coli is one of the causes of colibacillosis in poultry. Escherichia coli resistant can be transmitted to humans through animal products and animal waste in the environment as a problem in humans and animals. Antibiotics can be continues to experience resistance which will lead to multidrug-resistant (MDR). The aim of this research was to detect multidrug resistance against Escherichia coli bacteria in broiler chickens at the Balongsari traditional market, Surabaya. The samples used were 24 cloacal swabs from broiler chickens. Isolated and identified samples were culture media, in the form of eosin methylene blue agar (EMBA), Gram staining, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM), Simmons Citrate Agar (SCA), indole test, methyl Voges Proskauer (MR-VP). Detection of multidrug resistance confirmation with Mueller-Hinton Agar (MHA) media. The results of isolation and identification of Escherichia coli bacteria in this study showed 83%. Antibiotic resistance testing using the diffusion method showed that the highest antibiotic resistance results occurred in the antibiotics ciprofloxacin 85%, tetracycline 60%, kanamycin 45%, chloramphenicol 25% and aztreonam 20%. The multidrug resistance results showed that Escherichia coli bacteria was 45%. This data confirms the existence of Multidrug resistance against Escherichia coli bacteria in broiler chickens at the Balong Sari traditional market in Surabaya which has an impact on public health.
Keywords:
broiler chicken, Escherichia coli, public health, multidrug resistance, traditional markets
References
Akanbi, O. B., Olorunshola, I. D., Osilojo, P., Ademola, E., Agada, G., Aiyedun, J., Odita, C. I., & Ola-Fadunsin, S. D. (2022). Escherichia Coli Infections, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Poultry Flocks, in North Central Nigeria. Media Kedokteran Hewan, 33(3), 188–207. https://doi.org/10.20473/mkh.v33i3.2022.188-207
Al Azad, M. A. R., Rahman, M. M., Amin, R., Begum, M. I. A., Fries, R., Husna, A., Khairalla, A. S., Badruzzaman, A. T. M., El Zowalaty, M. E., Lampang, K. N., Ashour, H. M., & Hafez, H. M. (2019). Susceptibility and multidrug resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of live broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Pathogens, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030118
Aleksandrowicz, A., Khan, M. M., Sidorczuk, K., Noszka, M., & Kolenda, R. (2021). Whatever makes them stick – Adhesins of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. In Veterinary Microbiology (Vol. 257). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109095
Argudín, M. A., Deplano, A., Meghraoui, A., Dodémont, M., Heinrichs, A., Denis, O., Nonhoff, C., & Roisin, S. (2017). Bacteria from animals as a pool of antimicrobial resistance genes. In Antibiotics (Vol. 6, Issue 2). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics6020012
Brower, C. H., Mandal, S., Hayer, S., Sran, M., Zehra, A., Patel, S. J., Kaur, R., Chatterjee, L., Mishra, S., Das, B. R., Singh, P., Singh, R., Gill, J. P. S., & Laxminarayan, R. (2017). The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry chickens and variation according to farming practices in Punjab, India. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(7). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP292
Byarugaba, D. K., Kisame, R., & Olet, S. (2011). Multi-drug resistance in commensal bacteria of food of animal origin in Uganda. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(12), 1539–1548. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr
Das, A., Dhar, P. K., Dutta, A., Jalal, M. S., Ghosh, P., Das, T., Barua, H., & Biswas, P. K. (2020). Circulation of oxytetracycline- And ciprofloxacin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli strains in broiler chickens and farm environments, Bangladesh. Veterinary World, 13(11), 2395–2400. https://doi.org/10.14202/VETWORLD.2020.2395-2400
Davis, G. S., Waits, K., Nordstrom, L., Grande, H., Weaver, B., Papp, K., Horwinski, J., Koch, B., Hungate, B. A., Liu, C. M., & Price, L. B. (2018). Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from retail poultry meat with different antibiotic use claims. BMC Microbiology, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1322-5
Direktorat, K. (2021). Pedoman Umum Penggunaan Antibiotik di Bidang Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan.
Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Yurianti, Y. A., Rahmahani, J., Harijani, N., & Plumeriastuti, H. (2021). Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(1), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220137
Faridah, H. D., Dewi, E. K., Fatimah, F., & Helmi, M. (2020). A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli on Livestock and Animal Products: Public Health Importance Antiinflamatition of Cinnamomum burmanii Cortex from Indonesia View project Identification of halal content in food, medicine and cosmetics circulating in the community. View project. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 1210–1218. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347423745
Faridah, H. D., Wibisono, F. M., Wibisono, F. J., Nisa, N., Fatimah, F., Effendi, M. H., Ugbo, E. N., Khairullah, A. R., Kurniawan, S. C., & Silaen, O. S. M. (2023). Prevalence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among extended-spectrum beta lactamase–producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. Journal of Veterinary Research (Poland), 67(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0025
Gholami-Ahangaran, M., Karimi-Dehkordi, M., Miranzadeh-Mahabadi, E., & Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, A. (2021). The frequency of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic pet birds. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 22(4), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2021.38454.5592
Indrawati, A., Khoirani, K., Setiyaningsih, S., Affif, U., Safika, & Ningrum, S. G. (2021). Detection of Tetracycline Resistance Genes among Escherichia coli Isolated from Layer and Broiler Breeders in West Java, Indonesia. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 44(3), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.3.267
Kartikasari, A. M., Hamid, I. S., Purnama, M. T. E., Damayanti, R., Fikri, F., & Praja, R. N. (2019). Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli as Bacterial Contamination in Broiler Chicken Meat in Poultry Slaughterhouse Lamongan District. Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 2(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol2.iss1.2019.66-71
Liu, B., Furevi, A., Perepelov, A. V., Guo, X., Cao, H., Wang, Q., Reeves, P. R., Knirel, Y. A., Wang, L., & Widmalm, G. (2020). Structure and genetics of escherichia coli O antigens. In FEMS Microbiology Reviews (Vol. 44, Issue 6, pp. 655–683). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuz028
Luhung, Y. G. A., Gusti Ketut Suarjana, I., & Tono Pasek Gelgel, K. (2017). Sensitivitas Isolat Escherichia coli Patogen dari Organ Ayam Pedaging Terinfeksi Koliseptikemia terhadap Oksitetrasiklin, Ampisilin dan Sulfametoksazol. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 9(1), 2477–2712. https://doi.org/10.21531/bulvet.2017.9.1.60
Masruroh, C. A., Sudarwanto, M. B., & Latif, H. (2016). Tingkat Kejadian Escherichia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase yang Diisolasi dari Feses Broiler di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Sains Veteriner, 34(1), 42–49.
McInnes, R. S., McCallum, G. E., Lamberte, L. E., & van Schaik, W. (2020). Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiome. In Current Opinion in Microbiology (Vol. 53, pp. 35–43). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.002
Nhung, N. T., Cuong, N. V., Thwaites, G., & Carrique-Mas, J. (2016). Antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance in animal production in Southeast Asia: A review. In Antibiotics (Vol. 5, Issue 4). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics5040037
Niasono, A. B., Latif, H., & Purnawarman, T. (2019). Resistensi Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli yang Diisolasi dari Peternakan Ayam Pedaging di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Veteriner Jurnal Veteriner, 20(2), 187–195.
Noor, N. N. M., Hazirah Kamaruzaman, N., Al-Gheethi, A., Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, R., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Degradation of antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater by bio-nanoparticles: A critical review. In Ain Shams Engineering Journal (Vol. 14, Issue 7). Ain Shams University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101981
Nuraini, D. M., Andityas, M., Paramarta, A., Najib, N. R., & Wijayanti, A. D. (2020). Isolasi dan identifikasi Escherichia coli dari Sumber Air Minum Kandang Broiler serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Lidah Buaya. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science), 10(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v10i2.116
Putri, A. R., Suswati, E., & Indreswari, L. (2018). Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Resistensi Eschericia coli Dari Isolat Daging Ayam Broiler Terhadap Tetrasiklin. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences, 4(1), 38–44.
Racewicz, P., Majewski, M., Biesiada, H., Nowaczewski, S., Wilczyński, J., Wystalska, D., Kubiak, M., Pszczoła, M., & Madeja, Z. E. (2022). Prevalence and characterisation of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 and 2 integrons in multiresistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry production. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09996-y
Santoso, S. W. H., Ardana, I. B. K., & Gelgel, K. T. P. (2020). Prevalensi Colibacillosis pada Broiler yang diberi Pakan Tanpa Antibiotic Growth Promoters. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 9(2), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.19087/imv.2020.9.2.197
Shawish, R. R., El-Bagory, A.-R. M., Samir Elnahriry, S., Wafy, H. A., & Helmy Sayed, H. (2020). Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Coliforms in Poultry Meat in Menoufia Governorate. Egypt. PSM Microbiol, 5(1), 7–13. https://journals.psmpublishers.org/index.php/microbiol
Susilo, S., Setyaningsih, M., & Mulyawati, D. (2022). Escherichia coli Strains of Chicken Intestines: Characterization of Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin Antibiotic Resistance Profiles. Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus, 8(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v8i1.2484
Vasiu, A., Niculae, M., Pall, E., & Spînu, M. (2014). The Potential Zoonotic Risk Due to Cloacal Flora in Intensively Raised Broilers. Veterinary Medicine, 60(1), 62–65.
Wibisono, F. J., Sumiarto, B., Untari, T., Effendi, M. H., Permatasari, D. A., & Witaningrum, A. M. (2020). CTX Gene of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli on Broilers in Blitar, Indonesia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.7.59
Wibisono, F. J., Sumiarto, B., Untari, T., Effendi, M. H., Permatasari, D. A., & Witaningrum, A. M. (2021). Molecular identification of ctx gene of extended spectrum betalactamases (Esbl) producing escherichia coli on layer chicken in blitar, indonesia. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 31(4), 954–959. https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2021.4.0289
Yanestria, S. M., Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P., Musayannah, B. G., Pratama, J. W. A., Witaningrum, A. M., Effendi, M. H., & Ugbo, E. N. (2022). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(9), 4460–4465. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230911
Al Azad, M. A. R., Rahman, M. M., Amin, R., Begum, M. I. A., Fries, R., Husna, A., Khairalla, A. S., Badruzzaman, A. T. M., El Zowalaty, M. E., Lampang, K. N., Ashour, H. M., & Hafez, H. M. (2019). Susceptibility and multidrug resistance patterns of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of live broiler chickens in Bangladesh. Pathogens, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens8030118
Aleksandrowicz, A., Khan, M. M., Sidorczuk, K., Noszka, M., & Kolenda, R. (2021). Whatever makes them stick – Adhesins of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli. In Veterinary Microbiology (Vol. 257). Elsevier B.V. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109095
Argudín, M. A., Deplano, A., Meghraoui, A., Dodémont, M., Heinrichs, A., Denis, O., Nonhoff, C., & Roisin, S. (2017). Bacteria from animals as a pool of antimicrobial resistance genes. In Antibiotics (Vol. 6, Issue 2). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics6020012
Brower, C. H., Mandal, S., Hayer, S., Sran, M., Zehra, A., Patel, S. J., Kaur, R., Chatterjee, L., Mishra, S., Das, B. R., Singh, P., Singh, R., Gill, J. P. S., & Laxminarayan, R. (2017). The prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in poultry chickens and variation according to farming practices in Punjab, India. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(7). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP292
Byarugaba, D. K., Kisame, R., & Olet, S. (2011). Multi-drug resistance in commensal bacteria of food of animal origin in Uganda. African Journal of Microbiology Research, 5(12), 1539–1548. http://www.academicjournals.org/ajmr
Das, A., Dhar, P. K., Dutta, A., Jalal, M. S., Ghosh, P., Das, T., Barua, H., & Biswas, P. K. (2020). Circulation of oxytetracycline- And ciprofloxacin-resistant commensal Escherichia coli strains in broiler chickens and farm environments, Bangladesh. Veterinary World, 13(11), 2395–2400. https://doi.org/10.14202/VETWORLD.2020.2395-2400
Davis, G. S., Waits, K., Nordstrom, L., Grande, H., Weaver, B., Papp, K., Horwinski, J., Koch, B., Hungate, B. A., Liu, C. M., & Price, L. B. (2018). Antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli from retail poultry meat with different antibiotic use claims. BMC Microbiology, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1322-5
Direktorat, K. (2021). Pedoman Umum Penggunaan Antibiotik di Bidang Peternakan dan Kesehatan Hewan.
Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Yurianti, Y. A., Rahmahani, J., Harijani, N., & Plumeriastuti, H. (2021). Presence of multidrug resistance (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) of Escherichia coli isolated from cloacal swabs of broilers in several wet markets in Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(1), 304–310. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d220137
Faridah, H. D., Dewi, E. K., Fatimah, F., & Helmi, M. (2020). A Review of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) of Escherichia coli on Livestock and Animal Products: Public Health Importance Antiinflamatition of Cinnamomum burmanii Cortex from Indonesia View project Identification of halal content in food, medicine and cosmetics circulating in the community. View project. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(11), 1210–1218. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347423745
Faridah, H. D., Wibisono, F. M., Wibisono, F. J., Nisa, N., Fatimah, F., Effendi, M. H., Ugbo, E. N., Khairullah, A. R., Kurniawan, S. C., & Silaen, O. S. M. (2023). Prevalence of the blaCTX-M and blaTEM genes among extended-spectrum beta lactamase–producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens in Indonesia. Journal of Veterinary Research (Poland), 67(2), 179–186. https://doi.org/10.2478/jvetres-2023-0025
Gholami-Ahangaran, M., Karimi-Dehkordi, M., Miranzadeh-Mahabadi, E., & Ahmadi-Dastgerdi, A. (2021). The frequency of tetracycline resistance genes in Escherichia coli strains isolated from healthy and diarrheic pet birds. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research, 22(4), 337–341. https://doi.org/10.22099/ijvr.2021.38454.5592
Indrawati, A., Khoirani, K., Setiyaningsih, S., Affif, U., Safika, & Ningrum, S. G. (2021). Detection of Tetracycline Resistance Genes among Escherichia coli Isolated from Layer and Broiler Breeders in West Java, Indonesia. Tropical Animal Science Journal, 44(3), 267–272. https://doi.org/10.5398/tasj.2021.44.3.267
Kartikasari, A. M., Hamid, I. S., Purnama, M. T. E., Damayanti, R., Fikri, F., & Praja, R. N. (2019). Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli as Bacterial Contamination in Broiler Chicken Meat in Poultry Slaughterhouse Lamongan District. Jurnal Medik Veteriner, 2(1), 66–71. https://doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol2.iss1.2019.66-71
Liu, B., Furevi, A., Perepelov, A. V., Guo, X., Cao, H., Wang, Q., Reeves, P. R., Knirel, Y. A., Wang, L., & Widmalm, G. (2020). Structure and genetics of escherichia coli O antigens. In FEMS Microbiology Reviews (Vol. 44, Issue 6, pp. 655–683). Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/femsre/fuz028
Luhung, Y. G. A., Gusti Ketut Suarjana, I., & Tono Pasek Gelgel, K. (2017). Sensitivitas Isolat Escherichia coli Patogen dari Organ Ayam Pedaging Terinfeksi Koliseptikemia terhadap Oksitetrasiklin, Ampisilin dan Sulfametoksazol. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, 9(1), 2477–2712. https://doi.org/10.21531/bulvet.2017.9.1.60
Masruroh, C. A., Sudarwanto, M. B., & Latif, H. (2016). Tingkat Kejadian Escherichia coli Penghasil Extended Spectrum Β-Lactamase yang Diisolasi dari Feses Broiler di Kota Bogor. Jurnal Sains Veteriner, 34(1), 42–49.
McInnes, R. S., McCallum, G. E., Lamberte, L. E., & van Schaik, W. (2020). Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes in the human gut microbiome. In Current Opinion in Microbiology (Vol. 53, pp. 35–43). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mib.2020.02.002
Nhung, N. T., Cuong, N. V., Thwaites, G., & Carrique-Mas, J. (2016). Antimicrobial usage and antimicrobial resistance in animal production in Southeast Asia: A review. In Antibiotics (Vol. 5, Issue 4). MDPI AG. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics5040037
Niasono, A. B., Latif, H., & Purnawarman, T. (2019). Resistensi Antibiotik Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli yang Diisolasi dari Peternakan Ayam Pedaging di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Jurnal Veteriner Jurnal Veteriner, 20(2), 187–195.
Noor, N. N. M., Hazirah Kamaruzaman, N., Al-Gheethi, A., Maya Saphira Radin Mohamed, R., & Hossain, M. S. (2023). Degradation of antibiotics in aquaculture wastewater by bio-nanoparticles: A critical review. In Ain Shams Engineering Journal (Vol. 14, Issue 7). Ain Shams University. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2022.101981
Nuraini, D. M., Andityas, M., Paramarta, A., Najib, N. R., & Wijayanti, A. D. (2020). Isolasi dan identifikasi Escherichia coli dari Sumber Air Minum Kandang Broiler serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Lidah Buaya. Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Dan Veteriner Tropis (Journal of Tropical Animal and Veterinary Science), 10(2), 106. https://doi.org/10.46549/jipvet.v10i2.116
Putri, A. R., Suswati, E., & Indreswari, L. (2018). Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences Resistensi Eschericia coli Dari Isolat Daging Ayam Broiler Terhadap Tetrasiklin. Journal of Agromedicine and Medical Sciences, 4(1), 38–44.
Racewicz, P., Majewski, M., Biesiada, H., Nowaczewski, S., Wilczyński, J., Wystalska, D., Kubiak, M., Pszczoła, M., & Madeja, Z. E. (2022). Prevalence and characterisation of antimicrobial resistance genes and class 1 and 2 integrons in multiresistant Escherichia coli isolated from poultry production. Scientific Reports, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-09996-y
Santoso, S. W. H., Ardana, I. B. K., & Gelgel, K. T. P. (2020). Prevalensi Colibacillosis pada Broiler yang diberi Pakan Tanpa Antibiotic Growth Promoters. Indonesia Medicus Veterinus, 9(2), 197–205. https://doi.org/10.19087/imv.2020.9.2.197
Shawish, R. R., El-Bagory, A.-R. M., Samir Elnahriry, S., Wafy, H. A., & Helmy Sayed, H. (2020). Incidence of Antibiotic Resistant Coliforms in Poultry Meat in Menoufia Governorate. Egypt. PSM Microbiol, 5(1), 7–13. https://journals.psmpublishers.org/index.php/microbiol
Susilo, S., Setyaningsih, M., & Mulyawati, D. (2022). Escherichia coli Strains of Chicken Intestines: Characterization of Ciprofloxacin and Erythromycin Antibiotic Resistance Profiles. Jurnal Pembelajaran Dan Biologi Nukleus, 8(1), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.36987/jpbn.v8i1.2484
Vasiu, A., Niculae, M., Pall, E., & Spînu, M. (2014). The Potential Zoonotic Risk Due to Cloacal Flora in Intensively Raised Broilers. Veterinary Medicine, 60(1), 62–65.
Wibisono, F. J., Sumiarto, B., Untari, T., Effendi, M. H., Permatasari, D. A., & Witaningrum, A. M. (2020). CTX Gene of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) Producing Escherichia coli on Broilers in Blitar, Indonesia. Systematic Reviews in Pharmacy, 11(7), 396–403. https://doi.org/10.31838/srp.2020.7.59
Wibisono, F. J., Sumiarto, B., Untari, T., Effendi, M. H., Permatasari, D. A., & Witaningrum, A. M. (2021). Molecular identification of ctx gene of extended spectrum betalactamases (Esbl) producing escherichia coli on layer chicken in blitar, indonesia. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 31(4), 954–959. https://doi.org/10.36899/JAPS.2021.4.0289
Yanestria, S. M., Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P., Musayannah, B. G., Pratama, J. W. A., Witaningrum, A. M., Effendi, M. H., & Ugbo, E. N. (2022). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 23(9), 4460–4465. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230911