A comperhensive review: Antimicrobial Resistance in Indonesia One Health Challenge
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance has become a major global health concern affecting humans, animals, and the environment. The increasing occurrence of antibiotic resistant bacteria threatens the effectiveness of antimicrobial therapy and poses serious public health risks. This review aims to describe the occurrence and distribution of antimicrobial resistant Escherichia coli across humans, animals, wildlife, and environmental sources using a One Health perspective. A literature review approach was conducted by collecting scientific articles published between 2015 and 2025 from international and national databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Articles were selected based on relevance to antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli within human, animal, and environmental contexts. The reviewed studies indicate that Escherichia coli isolates frequently show resistance to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, and third generation cephalosporins. Multidrug resistant strains and extended spectrum beta lactamase producing bacteria have been reported in clinical samples, livestock, companion animals, wildlife, and environmental samples including wastewater and river water. These findings highlight the interconnected nature of antimicrobial resistance transmission between humans, animals, and the environment. Integrated surveillance and responsible antibiotic use are essential to control the spread of antimicrobial resistance through the One Health approach
Article Details
Section
How to Cite
References
Adhima, F., Wahyunitisari, M. R., Prasetyo, R. V., & Setiabudi, R. J. (2022). Bacterial Profile and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern among Children with Urinary Tract Infections in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease, 10(2), 123.
Agatha, T. M., Wibawati, P. A., Izulhaq, R. I., Agustono, B., Prastiya, R. A., Wardhana, D. K., ... & Lamid, M. (2023). Antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli from the milk of Ettawa crossbred dairy goats in Blitar Regency, East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary World, 16(1), 168.
Agustin, A. L. D., Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P., Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Khairullah, A. R., Kurniawan, S. C., ... & Kinasih, K. N. (2024c). Multidrug resistance to antibiotics in Escherichia coli bacteria isolated from bats on Lombok Island, Indonesia. Journal of Advanced Veterinary Research, 14(4), 683-686.
Agustin, A. L. D., Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Khairullah, A. R., Tirtasari, K., Moses, I. B., & Ayuti, S. R. (2024a). Cave Bats as carriers of extended spectrum beta-lactamase produced by Escherichia coli from the islan of Lombok, Indonesia. Indian J. Anim. Res, 1(9).
Agustin, A. L. D., Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Plumeriastuti, H., Khairullah, A. R., Ekawasti, F., ... & Wibowo, S. (2024b). Phylogenetic analysis blaTEM gene of Escherichia coli isolated from cave bats in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia. Open Veterinary Journal, 14(12), 3460.
Ahmad, N., Ahmed, S., Vambol, V., & Vambol, S. (2021). Treatment of drug residues (emerging contaminants) in hospital effluent by the combination of biological and physiochemical treatment process: A review. Frontiers in Engineering and Built Environment, 1(1), 1-13.
Aithal, S., Toh, G., Guo, H., Hildon, Z. J. L., Han, T. B., Chua, T., & Chow, A. (2025). Comparing the Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Antibiotic Use and Antimicrobial Resistance for Cats and/or Dogs amongst Pet Owners in Singapore: A Cross-sectional Study. International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, 107489.
Alduina, R. (2020). Antibiotics and environment. Antibiotics, 9(4), 202.
Alenazi, F., & Khan, M. S. (2025). Novel antimicrobial strategies for diabetic foot infections: addressing challenges and resistance. Acta Diabetologica, 1-19.
Anelia, N., Suhartono, S., & Hayati, Z. (2023). Abundance and phenotypic-genotypic analysis of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(5).
Anelia, N., Suhartono, S., & Hayati, Z. (2023). Abundance and phenotypic genotypic analysis of antibiotic resistant Escherichia coli isolated from wastewater of the Zainoel Abidin Hospital, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(5).
Anindita, R., Khoiriyah, N., & Sa’Diyah, A. A. (2022, December). Food consumption pattern Far Away From Home as a source of household food protein in Indonesia. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 1107, No. 1, p. 012118). IOP Publishing.
Azizah, F., Artanti, D., Sari, Y. E. S., Arimurti, A. R. R., Iswara, A., Khairunnisa, A., & Geleta, D. (2025). A cross sectional study of extended spectrum beta lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples: Single center investigation in Indonesia. International Journal of Microbiology, 2025, 3743202.
Azizah, F., Artanti, D., Sari, Y. E. S., Arimurti, A. R. R., Iswara, A., Khairunnisa, A., et al. (2025). A cross-sectional study of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from clinical samples. International Journal of Microbiology.
Benítez-Rico, A., Pérez-Martínez, A., Muñóz-López, B. I., Martino-Roaro, L., Alegría-Baños, J. A., Vergara-Castañeda, A., & Islas-García, A. (2023). Medical household waste as a potential environmental hazard: an ecological and epidemiological approach. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5366.
Bronzwaer, S. L., Cars, O., Buchholz, U., Mölstad, S., Goettsch, W., Veldhuijzen, I. K., Degener, J. E. (2002). The relationship between antimicrobial use and antimicrobial resistance in Europe. Emerging infectious diseases, 8(3), 278.
Candellone, A., Badino, P., Girolami, F., Ala, U., Mina, F., & Odore, R. (2023). Dog owners’ attitude toward veterinary antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance with a focus on canine diarrhea management. Animals, 13(6), 1061.
Carballo, M., Rodríguez, A., & de La Torre, A. (2022). Phytotoxic effects of antibiotics on terrestrial crop plants and wild plants: a systematic review. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 82(1), 48-61.
Cardinal, K. M., Kipper, M., Andretta, I., & Ribeiro, A. M. L. (2019). Withdrawal of antibiotic growth promoters from broiler diets: Performance indexes and economic impact. Poultry science, 98(12), 6659-6667.
Caudell, M. A., Dorado-Garcia, A., Eckford, S., Creese, C., Byarugaba, D. K., Afakye, K., ... & Swiswa, S. (2020). Towards a bottom-up understanding of antimicrobial use and resistance on the farm: A knowledge, attitudes, and practices survey across livestock systems in five African countries. PloS one, 15(1), e0220274.
Coyne, L., Arief, R., Benigno, C., Giang, V. N., Huong, L. Q., Jeamsripong, S., ... & Rushton, J. (2019). Characterizing antimicrobial use in the livestock sector in three South East Asian countries (Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam). Antibiotics, 8(1), 33.
Coyne, L., Patrick, I., Arief, R., Benigno, C., Kalpravidh, W., McGrane, J., ... & Rushton, J. (2020). The costs, benefits and human behaviours for antimicrobial use in small commercial broiler chicken systems in Indonesia. Antibiotics, 9(4), 154.
Dewi, R. R., Berutu, K. M., & Sihombing, J. M. (2023). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli derived from retail raw meat in north sumatera, Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak (JITEK).
Dewi, R. R., Nuryawan, A., Jajere, S. M., Sihombing, J. M., & Tambunan, I. J. (2024). Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli derived from an integrated agroforestry–livestock system in Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia. Veterinary World, 17(3), 690.
Dyar, O. J., Zhang, T., Peng, Y., Sun, M., Sun, C., Yin, J., ... & Lundborg, C. S. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes and practices relating to antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among backyard pig farmers in rural Shandong province, China. Preventive veterinary medicine, 175, 104858.
Efendi, R., Sudarnika, E., Wibawan, I. W. T., & Purnawarman, T. (2022). An assessment of knowledge and attitude toward antibiotic misuse by small-scale broiler farmers in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Veterinary World, 15(3), 707.
Effendi, I., Robertus, T., Samira, J., Devita, A., Kumala, W., & Bella, I. (2024). Bacteriological and Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Urinary Tract Infection among Online Motorcycle Drivers in Jakarta, Indonesia. Age (years), 17(40), 41-60.
Fahmi, A. G., Abidin, Z., Kusmana, C., & Noor, E. (2024). Antibiotic consumption and antibiotics occurrence into the environment: a case study of hospital in Metro, Lampung. Current Research on Biosciences and Biotechnology, 5(2), 22-28.
Frey, E., Kedrowicz, A., & Hedgpeth, M. W. (2024). Decision making on antimicrobial use: Cat and dog owners’ knowledge and preferences for veterinary communication. Veterinary Record, 194(5), no-no.
Gandra, S., Alvarez-Uria, G., Turner, P., Joshi, J., Limmathurotsakul, D., & van Doorn, H. R. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance surveillance in low-and middle-income countries: progress and challenges in eight South Asian and Southeast Asian countries. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 33(3), 10-1128.
Hasanah, R., & Dewi, Y. R. (2024). Analisis pola resistensi antibiotik terhadap Escherichia coli pada pasien infeksi saluran kemih di Laboratorium Pramita. Plenary Health: Jurnal Kesehatan Paripurna, 1(3), 302–306.
Hasanah, R., & Dewi, Y. R. (2024). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Escherichia coli in urinary tract infection patients. Plenary Health: Jurnal Kesehatan Paripurna, 1(3), 302–306.
Hidayah, A. N., Hasmono, D., Thayyib, M., & Kuntaman, K. (2020). The pattern of antibiotic prescription and antimicrobial resistance of gut flora Escherichia coli at Aisyiyah Hospital Bojonegoro. Folia Medica Indonesiana, 56(2), 99–107.
Hidayah, N., Effendi, M. H., & Harijani, N. (2020). Antibiotic resistance profile of Escherichia coli isolated from hospitalized patients. Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease, 8(2), 75–80.
Hilmi, M., Zuprizal, Z., & Ariyadi, B. (2024). Silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial candidate for poultry: An alternative to synthetic antibiotics. Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 12(11), 2136–2143.
Hosain, M. Z., Kabir, S. L., & Kamal, M. M. (2021). Antimicrobial uses for livestock production in developing countries. Veterinary World, 14(1), 210.
Huda, S. N., & Yaswir, R. (2024). Overview of Bacterial Patterns and Antibiotic Sensitivity in Diabetic Foot Ulcers: A Single-Center Observational Study at Dr. M. Djamil General Hospital, Padang, Indonesia. Bioscientia Medicina: Journal of Biomedicine and Translational Research, 8(9), 4955-4964.
Ikhimiukor, O. O., Odih, E. E., Donado-Godoy, P., & Okeke, I. N. (2022). A bottom-up view of antimicrobial resistance transmission in developing countries. Nature microbiology, 7(6), 757-765.
Jannah, N., Fahrunnisa, Paramitadevi, Y. V., Vibowo, H., Kurniawan, F. A., Komarudin, N. A., & Hidayat, A. (2024). Antibiotic utilization and its implications among ruminant farmers and stakeholders in Sumbawa regency, Indonesia. Veterinary Medicine International, 2024(1), 6519659.
Kabiri-Samani, S., Sanatgaran, M., Shojaei-Barjoei, N., Moosavi, R., Shaqaqi, P., & Kabiri, H. (2022). Alternatives to Antibiotics GOAL: ELEVATING Antibiotic Resistance During the Post-COVID Period. Personalized Medicine Journal, 7(25), 36-42.
Kariuki, S., Kering, K., Wairimu, C., Onsare, R., & Mbae, C. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance rates and surveillance in sub-Saharan Africa: where are we now?. Infection and drug resistance, 3589-3609.
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M. A. A., Ismail, W. I., Taufik, T., & Suryawati, S. (2021). Antibiotic use in animal husbandry: A mixed-methods study among general community in Boyolali, Indonesia. Int. J. One Health, 7(1), 122-127.
Karuniawati, H., Hassali, M. A. A., Suryawati, S., Ismail, W. I., Taufik, T., & Hossain, M. S. (2021). Assessment of knowledge, attitude, and practice of antibiotic use among the population of Boyolali, Indonesia: a cross-sectional study. International journal of environmental research and public health, 18(16), 8258.
Katz, S. E., & Brady, M. S. (2000). Antibiotic residues in food and their significance. Food Biotechnology, 14(3), 147-171.
Khairullah, A. R., Widodo, A., Riwu, K. H. P., Yanestria, S. M., Moses, I. B., Effendi, M. H., ... & Afnani, D. A. (2024). Spread of livestock-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in poultry and its risks to public health: A comprehensive review. Open Veterinary Journal, 14(9), 2116.
Kimura, S., Nakamura, Y., Kimura, S., & Nakamura, Y. (2020). A case study in Indonesia: self-medication and limited access. Poor quality pharmaceuticals in global public health, 119-147.
Koike, H., Kanda, M., Hayashi, H., Matsushima, Y., Nakajima, T., Yoshikawa, S., ... & Sasamoto, T. (2021). Monitoring of residual antibacterial agents in animal and fishery products in Tokyo from 2003 to 2019: application and verification of a screening strategy based on microbiological methods. Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B, 14(1), 66-73.
Kunarisasi, S., Yuliandari, P., Pramono, A. K., Furqoni, A. H., Aliyah, S. H., Nurjannah, I., Permata Sari, N. I. (2025). Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from hospital wastewater in Jakarta, Indonesia. Molecular Biology Reports, 52(1), 960.
Laborda, P., Sanz-García, F., Ochoa-Sánchez, L. E., Gil-Gil, T., Hernando-Amado, S., & Martínez, J. L. (2022). Wildlife and antibiotic resistance
Lavrukhina, O. I., Amelin, V. G., Kish, L. K., Tretyakov, A. V., & Pen’kov, T. D. (2022). Determination of residual amounts of antibiotics in environmental samples and food products. Journal of Analytical Chemistry, 77(11), 1349-1385.
Li, W., & Zhang, G. (2022). Detection and various environmental factors of antibiotic resistance gene horizontal transfer. Environmental Research, 212, 113267.
Limato, R., Lazarus, G., Dernison, P., Mudia, M., Alamanda, M., Nelwan, E. J., ... & Hamers, R. L. (2022). Optimizing antibiotic use in Indonesia: A systematic review and evidence synthesis to inform opportunities for intervention. The Lancet Regional Health-Southeast Asia, 2.
Lucien, M. A. B., Canarie, M. F., Kilgore, P. E., Jean-Denis, G., Fénélon, N., Pierre, M., ... & Ramon-Pardo, P. (2021). Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance in the COVID-19 era: Perspective from resource-limited settings. International journal of infectious diseases, 104, 250-254.
Luqman, A., Nugrahapraja, H., Wahyuono, R. A., Islami, I., Haekal, M. H., Fardiansyah, Y., ... & Wibowo, A. T. (2021). Microplastic contamination in human stools, foods, and drinking water associated with Indonesian coastal population. Environments, 8(12), 138.
Ma, F., Xu, S., Tang, Z., Li, Z., & Zhang, L. (2021). Use of antimicrobials in food animals and impact of transmission of antimicrobial resistance on humans. Biosafety and Health, 3(1), 32-38.
Maharani, Y. R., Yuniarti, N., & Puspitasari, I. (2021). Prevalensi Bakteri Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase dan Evaluasi Kesesuaian Antibiotik Definitif pada Pasien Rawat Inap di RSUP Dr Soeradji Tirtonegoro Klaten. Majalah Farmaseutik, 17(2), 157-165.
Mahida, N., Winzor, G., Wilkinson, M., Jumaa, P., & Gray, J. (2022). Antimicrobial stewardship in the post COVID-19 pandemic era: an opportunity for renewed focus on controlling the threat of antimicrobial resistance. The Journal of hospital infection, 129, 121.
Malik, H., Singh, R., Kaur, S., Dhaka, P., Bedi, J. S., Gill, J. P. S., & Gongal, G. (2023). Review of antibiotic use and resistance in food animal production in WHO South-East Asia Region. Journal of Infection and Public Health, 16, 172-182.
Mangroliya, D., Adhyaru, H., Kabariya, J., & Ramani, V. (2025). Genomic insights into plasmid mediated AMR genes, virulence factors and mobile genetic elements in raw milk Escherichia coli from Gujarat, India. Scientific Reports, 15(1), 6320.
Mangunsong, S., Simamora, S., Edyansyah, E., & Atika, T. (2025). Should dispensing antibiotics be with a doctor's prescription to the public? A study examining the implementation of the rules. Cuestiones de Fisioterapia, 54(1), 368-376.
Manuaba, I. A. S. P., Iswari, I. S., & Pinatih, K. J. P. (2021). Prevalensi bakteri Escherichia coli dan Klebsiella pneumoniae penghasil extended spectrum beta lactamase yang diisolasi dari pasien pneumonia di RSUP Sanglah periode tahun 2019–2020. Jurnal Medika Udayana, 10(12), 51–57.
Manuaba, I. B. P., Suardana, I. W., & Mahatmi, H. (2021). Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli isolated from pneumonia patients. Veterinary World, 14(3), 728–733.
Maulana, K. Y., Pichpol, D., Farhani, N. R., Widiasih, D. A., Unger, F., Punyapornwithaya, V., & Meeyam, T. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli from dairy farms in the Sleman district of Yogyakarta province, Indonesia: https://doi. org/10.12982/VIS. 2021.041. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 19(3), 525-535.
Mbehang Nguema, P. P., Onanga, R., Ndong Atome, G. R., Tewa, J. J., Mabika Mabika, A., Muandze Nzambe, J. U., ... & Godreuil, S. (2021). High level of intrinsic phenotypic antimicrobial resistance in enterobacteria from terrestrial wildlife in Gabonese national parks. PLoS One, 16(10), e0257994.
Mboi, N., Syailendrawati, R., Ostroff, S. M., Elyazar, I. R., Glenn, S. D., Rachmawati, T., ... & Mokdad, A. H. (2022). The state of health in Indonesia's provinces, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. The Lancet Global Health, 10(11), e1632-e1645.
Min, J., Kim, P., Yun, S., Hong, M., & Park, W. (2023). Zoo animal manure as an overlooked reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes and multidrug-resistant bacteria. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30(1), 710-726.
Morrison, B. J., & Rubin, J. E. (2020). Detection of multidrug‐resistant Gram‐negative bacteria from imported reptile and amphibian meats. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 129(4), 1053-1061.
Muloi, D. M., Kasudi, M. R., Murungi, M. K., Ibayil, E. L., Kahariri, S., Karimi, C., ... & Fèvre, E. M. (2025). Analysis of antibiotic use and access to drugs among poultry farmers in Kenya. One Health, 100987.
Mustika, Y. R., Kinasih, K. N., Effendi, M. H., Puspitasari, Y., Kurniawan, S. C., Khairullah, A. R., ... & Silaen, O. S. M. (2024). Molecular detection of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from bat caves on Lombok Island. Open Veterinary Journal, 14(2), 699.
Nastiti, N. I., Asmara, W., & Putri, K. (2024). Antibiotic-Resistant Genes and Polymorphisms of baTEM1 gene in Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Chicken Eggs and Cloacal Swabs in Sleman, Yogyakarta: The Impact on Public Health. Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease, 12(3), 208.
Navarro-Gonzalez, N., Castillo-Contreras, R., Casas-Díaz, E., Morellet, N., Concepción Porrero, M., Molina-Vacas, G., ... & Serrano, E. (2018). Carriage of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in urban versus rural wild boars. European Journal of Wildlife Research, 64, 1-9.
Naziri, Z., Poormaleknia, M., & Ghaedi Oliyaei, A. (2022). Risk of sharing resistant bacteria and/or resistance elements between dogs and their owners. BMC Veterinary Research, 18(1), 203.
Neil, K., Allard, N., & Rodrigue, S. (2021). Molecular mechanisms influencing bacterial conjugation in the intestinal microbiota. Frontiers in microbiology, 12, 673260.
Ningtyas, N. S. I. I., Agustin, A. L. D., Hr, B. M., & Fibrianti, B. S. (2024). Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from water sources on west lombok farms to antibiotics. Veterinary Medicine Journal, 35, 1-8.
Pani, A., Lauriola, M., Romandini, A., & Scaglione, F. (2020). Macrolides and viral infections: focus on azithromycin in COVID-19 pathology. International journal of antimicrobial agents, 56(2), 106053.
Perdana, M. A., Wahyuni, D. D., & Yunita, R. (2023). Characteristics and susceptibility pattern of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) bacteria in Indonesia: A study in a national reference hospital of Sumatra region 2020–2021. Narra J, 3(3), e436.
Pokharel, S., Raut, S., & Adhikari, B. (2019). Tackling antimicrobial resistance in low-income and middle-income countries. BMJ global health, 4(6), e002104.
Prastiyanto, M. E., Darmawati, S., Daryono, B. S., & Retnaningrum, E. (2024). Examining the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates in wound infections from Indonesian patients. Narra J, 4(2), e980.
Prastiyanto, M. E., Iswara, A., Khairunnisa, A., et al. (2024). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections in Indonesian patients. Clinical Infection in Practice, 22, 100359.
Prastiyanto, M. E., Iswara, A., Khairunnisa, A., Sofyantoro, F., Siregar, A. R., Mafiroh, W. U., & Putri, W. A. (2024). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of multidrug resistant bacterial isolates from urinary tract infections in Indonesian patients: A cross sectional study. Clinical Infection in Practice, 22, 100359.
Pratama, V. Z. D. W., Rahmahani, J., Hermadi, H. A., Triakoso, N., & Rachmawati, K. (2025). Impact of different antibiotic treatments on pregnancy maintenance in Holstein Friesian cows infected with foot-and-mouth disease. Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction. 4(1):34-38
Puarada, A. R. R., Safika, S., & Indrawati, A. (2024). Exploration of anti-microbial resistant (AMR) genes in the gastrointestinal microbiome of birds of paradise (Paradisaeidae) in Papua, Indonesia. Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci, 12(3), 539-545.
Putri, M. F. R., Kendek, I. A., Wibisono, F. J., Effendi, M. H., Rahardjo, D., Tyasningsih, W., & Ugbo, E. N. (2023). Molecular detection of iron gene on multidrug resistant avian fecal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler on traditional markets, Surabaya, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(12).
Rahim, N. I., Hendrawan, V. F., Tuska, H. S. A., & Agustina, G. C. (2023). Use of vitamin E and selenium injections as supportive treatment of retained placenta in dairy cattle. Ovozoa: J Anim Reprod, 12, 158-63.
Ramey, A. M., & Ahlstrom, C. A. (2020). Antibiotic resistant bacteria in wildlife: Perspectives on trends, acquisition and dissemination, data gaps, and future directions. Journal of wildlife diseases, 56(1), 1-15.
Robles-Jimenez, L. E., Aranda-Aguirre, E., Castelan-Ortega, O. A., Shettino-Bermudez, B. S., Ortiz-Salinas, R., Miranda, M., ... & Gonzalez-Ronquillo, M. (2021). Worldwide traceability of antibiotic residues from livestock in wastewater and soil: A systematic review. Animals, 12(1), 60.
Rodriguez-Mozaz, S., Vaz-Moreira, I., Della Giustina, S. V., Llorca, M., Barceló, D., Schubert, S., ... & Manaia, C. M. (2020). Antibiotic residues in final effluents of European wastewater treatment plants and their impact on the aquatic environment. Environment international, 140, 105733.
Sanderson, H., Fricker, C., Brown, R. S., Majury, A., & Liss, S. N. (2016). Antibiotic resistance genes as an emerging environmental contaminant. Environmental reviews, 24(2), 205-218.
Sani, A. R., Sunandar, S., Rachmawati, A., Pertela, G., Susanti, O., Rahayu, K. P., ... & Speksnijder, D. C. (2024). Antimicrobial Usage and Antimicrobial Resistance in Commensal Escherichia coli from Broiler Farms: A Farm-Level Analysis in West Java, Indonesia. Antibiotics, 13(12), 1181.
Sani, A. R., Wagenaar, J. A., Dinar, T. E., Sunandar, S., Nurbiyanti, N., Suandy, I., ... & Speksnijder, D. C. (2023). The comparison and use of tools for quantification of antimicrobial use in Indonesian broiler farms. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1092302.
Sanjaya, A., Kurniawan, S. C., Effendi, M. H., et al. (2025). Antimicrobial resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens isolated from hospitalized patients. Journal of Infection and Public Health.
Sanjaya, D. A., Meriyani, H., Juanita, R. A., Siada, N. B., Mahaputra, Y., & Kamalia, M. G. A. (2025). Antibiotic consumption and its influence on Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae resistance: A five year ecological study in a regional hospital. Jurnal Ilmiah Medicamento, 11(2), 120–130.
Sawadogo, A., Kagambèga, A., Moodley, A., Ouedraogo, A. A., Barro, N., & Dione, M. (2023). Knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among poultry farmers in urban and peri-urban areas of Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso. Antibiotics, 12(1), 133.
Shahab, S. N., Karuniawati, A., Syarif, O. M., Saharman, Y. R., Sinto, R., & Sudarmono, P. P. (2024). Multidrug resistant bacteria colonization in patients admitted to Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta, Indonesia.
Siahaan, S., Herman, M. J., & Fitri, N. (2022). Antimicrobial resistance situation in Indonesia: a challenge of multisector and global coordination. Journal of tropical medicine, 2022(1), 2783300.
Sinto, R., Lie, K. C., Setiati, S., Suwarto, S., Nelwan, E. J., Karyanti, M. R., ... & Limmathurotsakul, D. (2024). Diagnostic and antibiotic use practices among COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients in the Indonesian National Referral Hospital. Plos one, 19(3), e0297405.
Smoglica, C., Vergara, A., Angelucci, S., Festino, A. R., Antonucci, A., Marsilio, F., & Di Francesco, C. E. (2023). Antibiotic-resistant bacteria dissemination in the wildlife, livestock, and water of Maiella National Park, Italy. Animals, 13(3), 432.
Soto-López, J. D., Diego-del Olmo, M., Fernández-Soto, P., & Muro, A. (2024). Bats as an Important Source of Antimicrobial-Resistant Bacteria: A Systematic Review. Antibiotics, 14(1), 10.
Subagdja, M. F. M., Sugianli, A. K., Prodjosoewojo, S., Hartantri, Y., & Parwati, I. (2022). Antibiotic resistance in COVID-19 with bacterial infection: Laboratory-based surveillance study at single tertiary hospital in Indonesia. Infection and drug resistance, 5849-5856.
Sudarnika, E., Suherman, D. A., & Purnawarman, T. (2023). Antibiotic resistance: a cross-sectional study on the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dairy farmers' cooperative in North Cianjur (KPSCU), Cianjur District, Indonesia.
Suherman, D. A., Sudarnika, E., & Purnawarman, T. (2023). Antibiotic resistance: A cross-sectional study on the characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of dairy farmers’ cooperative in North Cianjur (KPSCU), Cianjur District, Indonesia. Veterinary World, 16(8), 1736.
Sunarno, S., Puspandari, N., Fitriana, F., Nikmah, U. A., Idrus, H. H., & Panjaitan, N. S. D. (2023). Extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in Indonesia and South East Asian countries: GLASS Data 2018. AIMS microbiology, 9(2), 218.
Suryana, E. A., Martianto, D., & Baliwati, Y. F. (2021). Consumption, elasticity and demand estimation of animal sources food in Indonesia. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Pertanian, 5(2), 168-179.
Syam, W. R. I., Kaaffah, S., & Fauziah, F. (2025). Impact of video-based educational intervention to improve parents’ knowledge and awareness towards risk of antibiotic resistance in children: A pre-post interventional design. In BIO Web of Conferences (Vol. 152, p. 01027). EDP Sciences.
Tauran, P. M., Djaharuddin, I., Bahrun, U., Nurulita, A., Katu, S., Muchtar, F., ... & Limmathurotsakul, D. (2022). Excess mortality attributable to antimicrobial-resistant bacterial bloodstream infection at a tertiary-care hospital in Indonesia. PLOS Global Public Health, 2(7), e0000830.
Triadi, B., Suwarno, S., Sarudji, S., Damayanti, R., Sugihartuti, R., & Estoepangesti, A. T. S. (2022). Antibiotic sensitivity test of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the reproductive tract of dairy cows. Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction, 11(2), 72-80.
Tyasningsih, W., Ramandinianto, S. C., Ansharieta, R., Witaningrum, A. M., Permatasari, D. A., Wardhana, D. K., Effendi, M. H. E., Ugbo, E. N. (2022). Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli isolated from raw milk in East Java, Indonesia. Veterinary World, 15(8), 2021.
Wangmo, K., Dorji, T., Pokhrel, N., Dorji, T., Dorji, J., & Tenzin, T. (2021). Knowledge, attitude, and practice on antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance among the veterinarians and para-veterinarians in Bh
Wardoyo, E. H., Suardana, I. W., Yasa, I. W. P. S., & Sukrama, I. D. M. (2021). Antibiotics susceptibility of Escherichia coli isolates from clinical specimens before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 13(2), 156.
WHO. 2022. Global antimicrobial resistance and use surveillance system (GLASS) report: 2022. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240062702
Wibawati, P. A., Hartadi, E. B., Kartikasari, A. M., Wardhana, D. K., & Abdramanov, A. (2023). Prevalence and profile of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from broiler meat in East Java, Indonesia.
Widayati, A., Suryawati, S., de Crespigny, C., & Hiller, J. E. (2012). Knowledge and beliefs about antibiotics among people in Yogyakarta City Indonesia: a cross sectional population-based survey. Antimicrobial resistance and infection control, 1, 1-7.
Widiasih, D. A., Pratama, R. P., Drastini, Y., Putri, K., Fatimah, L. N., & Indarjulianto, S. (2024). Rapid testing of antibiotic residues to increase food safety awareness of animal origin. Veterinary World, 17(5), 1177.
Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M. H., Khailrullah, A. R., Kurniawan, S. C., Silaen, O. S. M., ... & Ramandinianto, S. C. (2023a). Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of multidrug resistance and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from several dairy farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(1).
Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M. H., Khairrullah, A. R., Kurniawan, S. C., Silaen, O. S., Ramandinianto, S. C., et al. (2023a). Antimicrobial resistance characteristics of multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing Escherichia coli from several dairy farms in Probolinggo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(1).
Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M. H., KHAIRULLAH, A. R., Riwu, K. H. P., Yustinasari, L. R., ... & Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P. (2022). Antibiotic sensitivity profile of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cow's milk in Probolinggo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(10).
Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Al-Arif, M. A., Raharjo, D., Afnani, D. A., et al. (2023b). Potential hazards of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas: Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(3).
Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., Raharjo, D., Khairullah, A. R., & Silaen, O. S. M. (2023c). Molecular identification of blaTEM and blaCTX-M genes in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli found in milk samples from dairy cattle farms in Tulungagung, Indonesia. Journal of Veterinary Research, 67(3), 381–387.
Widodo, A., Lamid, M., Effendi, M. H., Tyasningsih, W., WURLINA, W., AL-ARIF, M. A., ... & AFNANI, D. A. (2023b). Potential hazards of multidrug resistance Escherichia coli collected from wastewater on dairy farms in East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 24(3).
Winter, M., Buckling, A., Harms, K., Johnsen, P. J., & Vos, M. (2021). Antimicrobial resistance acquisition via natural transformation: context is everything. Current Opinion in Microbiology, 64, 133-138.
Wozniak, T. M., Dyda, A., Merlo, G., & Hall, L. (2022). Disease burden, associated mortality and economic impact of antimicrobial resistant infections in Australia. The Lancet Regional Health–Western Pacific, 27.
Wu, J., Wang, J., Li, Z., Guo, S., Li, K., Xu, P., ... & Zou, J. (2023). Antibiotics and antibiotic resistance genes in agricultural soils: A systematic analysis. Critical Reviews in Environmental Science and Technology, 53(7), 847-864.
Yanestria, S. M., Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P., Musayannah, B. G., Pratama, J. W. A., Witaningrum, A. M., Effendi, M. H., & Ugbo, E. N. (2022). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum?-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(9).
Yanestria, S. M., Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P., Musayannah, B. G., Pratama, J. W. A., Witaningrum, A. M., Effendi, M. H., & Ugbo, E. N. (2022). Antibiotic resistance pattern of Extended-Spectrum?-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from broiler farm environment in Pasuruan district, Indonesia. Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity, 23(9).
Yanestria, S. M., Wibisono, F. J., Effendi, M. H., Untari, T., Khairullah, A. R., Dameanti, F. N. A. E. P., et al. (2026). In vitro antimicrobial efficacy of laser-synthesized silver nanoparticles against antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dairy cattle wastewater. Veterinary World, 19(2), 511–522.
Yunita, S. L., Yang, H. W., Chen, Y. C., Kao, L. T., Lu, Y. Z., Wen, Y. L., ... & Huang, Y. L. (2022). Knowledge and practices related to antibiotic use among women in Malang, Indonesia. Frontiers in pharmacology, 13, 1019303.
Yusuf, H., Idris, S., & Paul, M. (2017, August). Antimicrobial usage surveillance of cattle in Indonesia to address antimicrobial resistance. In 1st international conference postgraduate school universitas Airlangga:" Implementation of climate change agreement to meet sustainable development goals"(ICPSUAS 2017) (pp. 355-359). Atlantis Press.
Zahra, R. L. A., Prayudi, S. K. A., Suprayogi, T. W., Wardhana, D. K., Effendi, M. H., Khairullah, A. R., & Kurniawan, S. C. (2024). Identification of the genotypes of extendedspectrum β-lactamase producing Escherichia coli in the small Intestine of broiler chickens at a traditional market in surabaya, Indonesia. Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research. doi, 10.
Zalewska, M., & Popowska, M. (2020). Antimicrobial/antibiotic resistance genes due to manure and agricultural waste applications. Antibiotics and antimicrobial resistance genes: Environmental occurrence and treatment technologies, 139-161.
Zhang, H., Song, J., Zheng, Z., Li, T., Shi, N., Han, Y., ... & Fang, H. (2023). Fungicide exposure accelerated horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes via plasmid-mediated conjugation. Water Research, 233, 119789.
Zhuang, M., Achmon, Y., Cao, Y., Liang, X., Chen, L., Wang, H., ... & Leung, K. Y. (2021). Distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the environment. Environmental pollution, 285, 117402.
Zulfanisa, R. A., Sugihartuti, R., Rahmahani, J., Al Arif, M. A., Lestari, T. D., Agus, A., & Anam, M. S. U. (2024). Estrus response in dairy cows surviving foot and mouth disease given Superbooster and Immunobooster. Ovozoa: Journal of Animal Reproduction. 13 (3): 139-145.